网络词汇

A

AAA 机制的全称是 Authentication（认证）、Authorization（授权）、Accounting（计费）

AH：认证头 Authentication Header

alternate port替代端口（根的备份）

ABR 区域边界路由器 (Area Border Router)

ARP 地址解析协议（Address Resolution Protocol）通过 IP 找 MAC

另一个arq：自动重传请求 (automatic repeat request)

ACL：访问控制列表 Access Control List

AP：无线接入点

AD（活动目录 Active Directory）

B

BGP 边界网关协议（外部网关协议） Border Gateway Protocol

EVPN的全称是Ethernet Virtual Private Network，即 以太网虚拟专用网络。

骨干区域（Backbone Area）

BPDU 桥协议数据单元（Bridge Protocol Data Unit ）

backup port 是备份端口（指定端口的备份）

bss：基本服务集

ess：扩展服务集 Extended Service Set

C

CAPWAP 无线接入点的控制和配置协议Control And Provisioning of Wireless Access Points

Cross-Entropy Loss 交叉熵损失

CSMA/CD 载波侦听多路访问 冲突检测（Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection） 保守模式 CRM (conservation retention mode)

CHAP 挑战握手认证协议 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

chap 这个单词本身的意思：

1. n.小伙子、家伙、男人（英式口语）
2. v.（皮肤）皲裂、变粗糙

D

DAM：普通内存(易失性)

DR（Designated Router，指定路由器）

DNS（域名系统，Domain Name System）

DHCP 动态主机配置协议（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol））

DD（Database Description）数据库描述（报文）

DSCP差分服务代码点 (differentiated services code point )

designated port指定端口

DU（Downstream Unsolicited ）下游自主模式

DoD（Downstream On Demand）下游按需模式

E

ESP（Encapsulating Security Payload）封装安全载荷

edge port 边缘端口

Eth-Trunk（以太网链路聚合）

EVPN**：**Ethernet VPN 以太网虚拟专用网

EIGRP：Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol 增强型内部网关路由协议

F

FEC (forwarding equivalence class)转发等价类

FTP：File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议

FIT AP: Flexible Intelligent Termination AP

FAT AP: Flexible Autonomous Termination AP

G

GRE（通用路由封装）Generic Routing Encapsulation

Vgmp（ VPN gateway management protocol) （华为私有的）网关管理协议

H

跳数（Hop Count）

I

IP—— Internet Protocol 网际协议

IP Sec 网际协议安全（Internet Protocol Security ）

IPSec SA = 网际协议安全 安全关联

ICMP 互联网控制消息协议（因特网控制报文协议）

IGMP 互联网组管理协议

IPS 入侵防御系统 intrusion prevention system

IKE 互联网密钥交换 Internet Key Exchange

J

K

L

L2TP（Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol）二层隧道协议

LACP 链路聚合控制协议(Link Aggregation Control Protocol)

Link-State 链路状态

LSDB（链路状态数据库）

LDP 标签分发协议（Label Distribution Protocol）

LSP 标签交换路径（label switched path）

LSR 标签交换路由器

自由模式LRM (liberal retention mode)

M

MA网络（multiple access network）（多路访问网络）

MPLS: 多协议标签交换（Multiprotocol Label Switching）

MAD 多活跃检测（multi-active detection）

MSTP：多生成树协议 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

MVP：最小可行产品 Minimum Viable Product

MAC 媒体访问控制（media access control）

MGMT 即 Management。Management Port 管理口 / 带外管理口

N

NCRAN(non-volatile random-access memory)：非易失性随机存取存储器

内部网关路由协议IGRP

NFV：网络功能虚拟化 Network Functions Virtualization

NAC 网络接入控制 Network Access Control

O

OSPF（开放式最短路径优先）

P

PADI（PPPoE Active Discovery Initiation）

PADO（PPPoE Active Discovery Offer）

PADR（PPPoE Active Discovery Request）

PADS（PPPoE Active Discovery Session-confirmation）

PXE 预启动执行环境。全称是 Preboot Execution Environment。

PTP 精确时间协议 (Precision Time Protocol)

PC：个人计算机 Personal Computer

Q

QoS：Quality of Service 服务质量

R

RAID：独立磁盘冗余阵列 Redundant Array of Independent Disks 中文：，早期也叫 Inexpensive 廉价磁盘冗余阵列

RSTP：Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 快速生成树协议

relay 中继、转发（dhcp select relay）

root port 根端口

RIP Routing Information Protocol 路由信息协议

roam-track 漫游追踪

RIP: 路由信息协议 Routing Information Protocol

RADIUS Server远程认证拨号用户服务Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

radius：半径（angle 角度）

S

SA：Security Association 安全关联

STA：station。站点，无线终端。

SFTP（SSH File Transfer Protocol）基于 SSH 的加密传输协议

SNMP（Simple Network Management Protocol）简单网络管理协议

STP（Spanning Tree Protocol，生成树协议）

（SQL Injection）Structured Query Language Injection

参数化查询（Prepared Statements）

SEP（ Smarter Ethernet Protection）以太网保护切换（环网协议）

SD card(Security Digital card)：安全数字存储卡/闪存卡/外部扩展存储

silent-interface 是静默接口/被动接口。

SYN：Synchronize /ˈsɪŋkrənaɪz/ 同步

SYN Flood = SYN 泛洪攻击

T

TCN ( Topology Change Notification) 拓扑更改通知

TOS (type of service)

TCP 传输控制协议

TFTP（ T：trival 简单）

TLS：Transport Layer Security 传输层安全协议

U

UDP（User Datagram Protocol）用户数据报协议

V

VXLAN（Virtual Extensible Local Area Network）虚拟可扩展局域网

虚链路（Virtual Link）

Vendor Class Identifier（厂商类标识）

虚拟系统（Virtual System）

VRP ( versatile routing platform) 通用路由平台

VPN = Virtual Private Network虚拟专用网，不是personal，果咩！

VLSM 可变长子网掩码 variable length subnet mask

VRRP 虚拟路由器冗余协议 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

VGMP（VRRP Group Management Protocol，VRRP 组管理协议） 是华为私有协议，专为防火墙 / 安全网关的双机热备设计。

W

WAF （Web Application Firewall ）Web应用防火墙

WLAN：Wireless Local Area Network

中文：无线局域网

X

Y

Z

红酒

晦暗（murky）、暗淡呆滞（dull）、明亮（bright）、闪亮(brilliant)；

浑浊（hazy/turbidity）、清澈（clear）。

颜色深浅：浅（pale）、中（medium）、深（deep）；

白葡萄酒色调：稻草黄（straw）、黄（yellow）、金黄（gold）、琥珀色（amber）、棕（brown）；

桃红葡萄酒色调：粉红（pink）、三文鱼色（salmon）、铜色（copper）；

红葡萄酒色调：紫红（purple）、宝石红（ruby）、石榴红（garnet）、茶色（tawny）。

我们如何形容边缘色带周边的颜色呢？可以用“tinge”（染）来表达，比如你说某款酒有“brownish tinge”（染了棕色），意思就是泛了一点点棕，再配上更宽的边缘色带，就是陈年的痕迹了。

封闭的（closed）、被抑制的/还未被释放的（subdued/reticent）、香气表现力强的（expressive）、如香水般芳香的（perfumed）、强烈的（intense）。

酸度不够，使得酒喝起来不新鲜或特别平淡的：平的（flat）、松弛的（flabby）、弱的（weak）；

酸度偏低且愉悦的：柔和的（soft）、圆润的（round）、温柔的（tender）；

酸度偏高且愉悦的：新鲜的（fresh）、多汁的（juicy）、明亮的（bright）、清脆爽脆的（crisp/zesty/racy）、活泼的（lively/zingy/vibrant）、坚实的（firm）、令人精神一振的（nervy）、钢铁般的（steely）、电击一般的（electrical）；

高酸但不愉悦的：尖刻的（tart/sharp）、硬的（hard）、棱角过于分明的（angular）、生青的（green)、严厉的（harsh）、刺嘴的（biting）、过酸的（sour/acidic）。

形容单宁细腻的词有：颗粒细腻的（fine-grained）、顺滑的（smooth）、柔顺的（supple）、细密无缝的（seamless）、丝绸一般的（silky）、天鹅绒一般的（velvety）；

“丝绸”和“天鹅绒”都是织品，至于什么时候用“丝绸”来形容，什么时候用“天鹅绒”，取决于酒体的轻重。如果酒体偏轻且单宁顺滑，就用“silky”，如果酒体偏重偏稠一些的话，就用“velvety”——请自行“脑补”这两种布料的薄厚。

形容单宁强劲的词有：紧致的（tight）、有抓力的（grippy）、有嚼劲的（chewy）、有颗粒感的（grainy）；

形容单宁不愉悦的词有：粗糙的（co ars e/rough）、刺嘴的（harsh/astringent）、坚硬的（hard）；

形容单宁的成熟度的词有：生青的（green）、硬脆的（crunchy）、成熟的（ripe）、甜美的（sweet）。

形容酒体轻的词汇有：空洞的（hollow/watery，贬义）、轻薄的（thin，贬义）、清瘦的（lean）、优雅的（elegant）；

形容酒体厚重的词汇有：有重量感的（weighty）、饱满浓郁的（rich/concentrated）、有酒劲儿的（vinous）、稠密的（dense）、黏稠的（viscous/lush/succulent）、丰满的（voluptuous）、肥厚的（fat）、多肉的（meaty）、油滑的（unctuous）、充盈口腔的（mouth-feeling）、覆盖整个舌头的（coating/saturating）、享乐主义的（hedonistic）；

形容酒精感强的词汇有：上头的（heady/hot）、有酒精感的（alcoholic，贬义）、有灼烧感的（burning，贬义）。

单宁和酸度给酒带来力量感，是葡萄酒的“骨架”。

多骨少肉：结实的（firm）、紧致的（tight）、线条感的（linear）、不近人情的（austere）；

多骨多肉：强烈的（intense）、健壮的（robust）、粗壮的（sturdy）、活跃的（exuberant）、宏大的（grandiose/hefty）、发电厂一般的（powerhouse）；

少骨多肉：参考3.2中形容酒体厚重的词汇；

少骨少肉：柔顺的（supple）、温柔的（gentle）、精致细腻的（delicate）、优雅的（elegant）。

“胖”系列：圆润（round）、丰腴（voluptuous）、集中（concentrated）、肉感（meaty）、丰满（full）、沉重（heavy）、大（big）、力量（power）、健壮（hefty）、结实（stout）；

“瘦”系列：清凛（crispy/linear）、清爽（fresh）、精瘦（lean）、硬（hard/angular）、严峻不近人情（austere）、轻（light）、优雅（elegant）、微妙（subtle）、柔和（soft）。

（I like cool-climate style, do you have any recommendation?）

（I like wines that are rich and fruity, any recommendation?）

一级香气（primary aroma）是来自葡萄果实本身的味道，二级香气（secondary aroma）来自酿造的过程，三级香气（tertiary aroma）来自陈年的过程。

“可以推荐我一支重桶风格的酒吗？”（Could you recommend an oaky wine?）

“我不喜欢用桶过重的，可以给我比较清新的酒吗？”（I don’t like wine that’s over-oaked, could you recommend me refreshing wine？）

“我想要刚开始有陈年痕迹的酒。”（I want a wine with some bottle ageing. /I want a wine that starts developing tertiary notes.）

“想要充满年轻活力和明亮果味的酒。”（I want a youthful wine with bright fruity flavors. / I want a fresh and fruity wine.）

“我想送朋友一支至少能放20年的酒。”（I want to give my friend a wine that’s worthy of cellaring for at least 20 years.）

“这支酒在适饮期吗？”（Is this wine in its drinking window?）

在葡萄酒的世界里，也有类似“菜系”的分隔，那就是“新世界风格”（New-world style）和“旧世界风格”（Old-world style）。有时我们也会用“新派”（New-school）和“旧派”（Old-school）来表达。

如果我们把“三级香气”放在新旧世界的框架下去理解，那么新世界风格代表了更奔放的果味、更重的桶、更追求早饮性；而旧世界风格就代表了更隐晦的果味、更克制的桶、更追求陈年潜力。

新世界风格更加浓郁、奔放、甜美，“开瓶即饮”；旧世界风格更加骨感、含蓄、有咸香，更强调陈年后展现的开放和复杂度。这也是为什么旧世界风格更常碰到需要醒酒的，而新世界风格往往不用醒酒。

“风土驱动”（terroir-driven）

旧世界比新世界更讲究风土吗？其实，如果没有新世界，旧世界对于“风土”的认知还处于懵懂时代，做酒也纯粹是靠天赋和惯性维持，是粗放式生产。我们反而可以说，恰恰是新世界的技术和觉察才让人深入了解了风土，而且精进了风土的表达。所以，旧世界和新世界之间的区别不在于是否重视风土。

“给我一支新世界的酒吧！我想要果味特别奔放，桶味明显的酒。”（Give me a new world wine! I want something very bold and oaky!）

“我想尝试一下新世界里的冷凉风格。”（I want to explore the cool-climate style in new world wine countries.）”

“我的口味非常旧派，最好是有点陈年痕迹的那种风格。”（My taste is very old-school. I am fond of wines that have some aging.）

“best of both worlds”（两全其美）

“dead fruit wine”，直译为“果子死掉了的酒”。

BLIC: balance; length; complexity; intensity.

杂项

assignments n.安排

isometric adj.等长的（运动的肌肉收缩方面）n.肌肉运动

traumatic adj.创伤的（ptsd，post-Trauamtic Stress Disorder 创伤后应激障碍）

stationary adj.静止固定的

weightlifting n.举重

therapy n.治疗，疗法

spin v.旋转，转动（自行车轮）

cardio n.有氧运动，心血管锻炼（cardiovascular）

immune system n.免疫系统

racquetball n.壁球

stand up dropped out of 退出

drop sb. off 把某人送到某处然后离开

There's free childcare here, I dropped my son off when I swim on Mondays.

put off 推迟

pick out 挑出

大二上·期末作文

一、

Since people began their ingenuity, we have devised increasingly intelligent robots to help us cope with dangerous and burdensome work. We continuously confer various human capabilities on machines, and now try to think what will happen if robotics become even more advanced.

As far as I’m concerned, in the near future, the modern world will be populated by intelligent devices which can replace much human labor. Our work in factory will down by robot assembly arms. Our cooking, washing and other housework will be completed by robot servers. Our public security will be managed by tireless robot police. In addition, due to the micro-mechanics, there will be more robot systems which can perform highly difficult surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy to help patients alleviate their pain and suffering.

But, as I think, if robots are to reach the next stage, there will still be many challenges. We all know that human brain is far more complicated, and the most intelligent robot system will never catch up with human mind’s ability. So I have to say, there is still a long way for robot technology to go.

二、

Suppose individuals intend to acquire true knowledge, it is advisable for them to practice more. Thus, when hearing the remark “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.”, we can easily perceive its connotation. Apparently, this saying can be naturally associated with the close relationship between knowledge and practice.

Whether in history or today, it is a common belief for people to consider knowledge as a treasure. Meanwhile, an increasing number of scholars or wise men find it more significant to practice knowledge, if they want to master it better. Two typical examples can be given: English language is a treasure which helps us to communicate with the world, but without practice, it would be impossible to speak it fluently; science and technology is a treasure which pushes forward social development, but with no practice, it would be hard for scientists to innovate. It is practice that can enable humans to combine valuable knowledge with reality. As a matter of fact, intelligent people in large numbers have come to realize the significance of practice for knowledge.

I, as a college student, am convinced that it is of great necessity for teenagers to gain knowledge and it is of greater necessity to practice it more. Do bear in mind: practice makes perfect.

三、

It is universally acknowledged that the relationship between employers and employees plays a crucial role in our society. A well-known saying goes that trust is the glue of life and the foundational principle that holds all relationships, which proves building trust between employers and employees is imperative.

Firstly, with credit between the two parties, employees’ initiative at work would be actively encouraged. Consequently, employees’ efficiency will be enhanced. Secondly, trust would contribute to the acceleration of the company’s development. Mutual trust and respect facilitate communication and collaboration, which results in success in the fierce competition in business. For instance, Hidilao Hot Pot, one of the greatest companies in the catering industry, attaches great importance to mutual trust. If its employers and employees don’t believe in each other, they cannot have mushroomed rapidly in recent years. Thirdly, due to mutual trust society can gain impetus to flourish to a large extent. And it boosts the development of individuals in return.

In a nutshell, it can never be denied that fostering credibility between the two is extraordinarily significant. Only by promoting reliability can our society be more prosperous and harmonious.

四、

Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of choosing their careers. It is truly a tough choice. Students’ opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to their interest in the job, but others take the attitude that salary is the most critical factor influencing their career choices.

As for myself, I prefer the latter view. A well-paid job exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. Although it might be impossible to measure the value of one’s job in terms of money, salary counts most when I choose my future career. In my view, our career choices largely depend on how and where we have been brought up. I come from a poor urban family and my parents are both laid-off workers. In order to finance my tuition, they have been working hard over the past four years. As the only son in my family, I have to shoulder the burden of supporting my family.

In short, salary is the first consideration in my choice of career.

五、

The Importance of Having a Sense of Community Responsibility

Any community is composed of individuals. Naturally, it matters a great deal to our communities that we have a sense of responsibility towards them.

People living in the same area should be considered a group under an obligation to create a comfortable living environment for the whole community. Reaching this goal requires a sense of responsibility among all residents, which encourages them to start with small steps, such ad avoiding making excessive noise that disturbs their neighbors. Moreover, a sense of collective responsibility among us students contributes to a warm and friendly atmosphere, where we respect and help each other, as well as a strong communal sense of belonging. It will ultimately be conducive to ourselves in a new community made up of colleagues. A sense of community responsibility, also known as team spirit in the workplace, will be the key to forming a united and cohesive group, where we strive towards a common objective in close cooperation with each other.

In conclusion, a sense of community responsibility is worth fostering in that it plays significant role in living, learning and working.

六、

Recently the phenomenon of certificate craze has become a big concern of the public. It is also a new craze in the university, which seems like a routine activity on campus, for certificates do play a vital role when students look for a decent job.

Admittedly, there are different purposes behind this phenomenon. Some people aim at certificates because of the employment pressure. With the admission expansion of colleges, a great many graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job market. So it is the certificates that can make them more competitive. However, some others consider all the diploma and certificates important standards by which a person’s ability can be measured. They spare no effort to get the certificates for the sole purpose of proving that they are qualified in a certain field. Moreover, there are those who just want to enrich their life by preparing for the certificates because they really enjoy their progress.

From my point of view , we should be more rational when it comes to certificates. Since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability. Being crazy in getting certifications blindly is nothing but wasting time. To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not merely getting a certificate.

七、

My View on Social Skills

As the saying goes, “The pleasure of association is the base of life.” The quotation from one of the greatest French scientists, Andre Maurois, teaches us the importance of social skills, which are regarded as the most vital among all the important skills of human beings, especially in the workplace. Statistics show that one’s career success depends heavily on his or her social skills. Those who possess excellent social skills are more likely to promote an easy-going relationship with their partners, which naturally result in a successful career.

Given that social skills play such an essential role in our work, what should we do to cultivate this spirit? On the one hand, the key to good social skills is definitely the ability to listen to our interlocutor, which lays the foundation for cooperation with others. On the other hand, to reach a high level of interpersonal relationship, it is advisable for us to put ourselves in others’ shoes and understand them, which can help us clear up the misapprehensions that hinder our work.

All in all, one’s performance at the workplace is closely related to efficient social skills. If we are to succeed in career, we must improve our social skills.